直流电机和交流电机的区别

Release time:

2014-07-28

电机按使用电源不同分为直流电机和交流电机，电力系统中的电机大部分是交流电机，可以是同步电机或者是异步电机(电机定子磁场转速与转子旋转转速不保持同步速)。

直流电机(DC Motor)在控速方面比较简单，只须控制电压大小已可控制共转速，但此类电机不宜在高温、易燃等环境下操作，而且由于电机中需要以碳刷作为电流变换器(Commutator)的部件(有刷电机)，所以需要定期清理炭刷磨擦所产生的污物。无碳刷的电机称为无刷电机，相对于有刷，无刷电机因为少了碳刷与轴的摩擦因此较省电也比较安静。但制作难度较高、价格也较高。　　

相比直流电机而言，交流电机(AC Motor)则可以在高温、易燃等环境下操作，而且不用定期清理碳刷的污物，但在控速上比较困难，因为控制交流电机转速须要控制交流电的频率(或使用感应马达，用增加内部阻力的方式，在相同交流电的频率下降低电机转速)，控制其电压只会影响电机的扭力。一般民用电机的电压有 110V和220V两种，在工业应用中还有380V、440V等型态。

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